Diamante: A seven-line poem that takes the shape of a diamond.
Lion
Majestic, proud
Roaring, snarling, prowling
Mane, muscle . . . Fleece, fluff
Bleating, leaping, grazing
Meek, gentle
Lamb
A Poem of Opposites
Remember that the first and last words of a cinquain are synonyms—the last word of the poem renames the first.
Diamantes, however, are poems about opposites: the first and last words have opposite meanings (or convey opposite ideas).
A diamante has seven lines that follow this sequence:
Line A: Topic A (must be a noun)
Line B: Two vivid adjectives that describe Topic A
Line C: Three interesting “-ing” action verbs that describe Topic A
Line D: Two concrete nouns about Topic A and two about Topic G
Line E: Three interesting “-ing” action verbs that describe Topic G
Line F: Two vivid adjectives that describe Topic G
Line G: Topic G (must be a noun)
Here’s another example:
Light
Clear, brilliant
Glowing, shining, revealing
Mirror, candle . . . Whisper, shadow
Deepening, sleeping, shrouding
Black, quiet
Darkness
Brainstorming
Use the tips below to brainstorm on blank paper for different ideas. Then follow the directions to write your own descriptive diamante. Because the poem has a limited number of words, choose each word carefully, avoiding vague, blah words.
Opposite Word Pair Ideas
Correct: age/youth (nouns)
Incorrect: old/young (adjectives)
- cat/dog
- boy/girl
- hamburger/Coke
- pencil/paper
- sandals/sneakers
- king/queen
- fire/ice
- thunder/lightning
- earth/sea
- rose/thorn
- love/hate
- victory/defeat
- peace/turmoil
Line A: Name a topic (see the suggestions above for some ideas).
Line G: Name an opposite topic. (This will be the LAST line of your diamante.) Remember—topics must be nouns.
Line B: Brainstorm 5-6 vivid, concrete adjectives to describe Topic A. Do not choose words that end in “-ing.”
Line C: Brainstorm 5-6 highly descriptive participles (verbs ending in “-ing”) that fit Topic A.
Line D: Brainstorm several nouns that tell something about Topic A and Topic G. Be careful—make sure you choose NOUNS, not ADJECTIVES!
Line E: Brainstorm 5-6 highly descriptive participles (verbs ending in “-ing”) that fit Topic G.
Line F: Brainstorm 5-6 vivid, concrete adjectives to describe Topic G. Do not choose words that end in “-ing.”
Writing Your Diamante
- Pick out your most descriptive words from your brainstorming and put your diamante together. Diamantes do not need titles.
- When you are satisfied, recopy the poem onto clean notebook paper.
- Center your diamante on the paper.
- Begin each line with a capital letter, and remember your commas. Do not use ending punctuation.
- Include three spaced periods in the middle of Line D.
- When finished, double-check for concreteness!
Line A. _______
Line B. _______ , _______
Line C. _______ , _______ , _______
Line D. _______ , _______ . . . _______ , _______
Line E. _______ , _______ , _______
Line F. _______ , _______
Line G. _______
Diamante Poetry Contest!
Here’s a contest for kids age 8-17! Post your children’s diamante poems in the comment section by September 17. A student may enter up to three diamante poems, but each must be submitted as a separate comment. Include the student’s first name and age with each submission. (You won’t be able to center the poem, but that’s OK.)
Eligibility and Details
- Submissions will be accepted between September 10 and 17, 2008.
- Winning diamante poems must adhere strictly to the format rules above. For example, if the student places an adjective where a noun should be, the poem will become ineligible.
- On September 18, four winners will be drawn randomly from eligible submissions. Our favorite of the four will receive the Grand Prize. The other three will win a free poster.
- Winning poems will appear here at the In Our Write Minds blog September 18.
(Edited: As students have begun submitting poems, I’ve noticed that many diamantes have contained errors in which students use adjectives when the instructions call for nouns. Up till now, I have emailed these students with the opportunity to edit their poems, but I may not always have time to do this. Please review your child’s poem first to make sure he or she is using the correct part of speech. I’d love for each and every poem to qualify! —Kim)
Grand Prize
- $10 Barnes & Noble gift card for the student
- $10 WriteShop gift certificate for the parent
Other Winners
- The remaining three students will receive an 8.5″ x 11″ poster.
. . . . .
Copyright © 2008 Kim Kautzer. All rights reserved.
117 comments ↓
Sparrow
Small, delicate
Gliding, singing, dancing
Feather, wing…scales, fins
Swimming, leaping, diving
Slippery, wiggly
Fish
Emily age 10
Sun
Big, bright
Shining, warming, lighting
Day, clouds…night, stars
Glowing, shimmering, smiling
Round, silvery
Moon
Lauren age 8
Cheetah
Fast, strong
Bitting, speeding, hunting
Spots, muscle . . . Shell, slime
Nibbling, hiding, sliding
Slow, weak
Snail
Anthony, age 11
Food
Delicious, colorful
Eating, tasting, filling
Pizza, melon…Water, juice
Quenching, thirsting, pouring
Slurpy, cold
Drink
Ellie, age 11
Fire
Hot, bright
Blinding, spreading, warming
Smoke, heat . . . Glass, crystal
Freezing, cracking, crunching
Dark, cold
Ice
Molly, age 8
clean
shine, sparkle
bathing, gurggling, waxing
cat, tub…..mud, sand
oily, bloody
dirt
Logan, age 8
Go-Cart
Loud, furious
Ripping, bumping, racing
Seatbelt, motor…wood, fiberglass
Paddling, floating, tipping
Long, narrow
Canoe
Emily 15
Skateboard
Colorful, concave
Pushing, turning, flipping
Trucks, bolts…strings, frets
Tuning, muting, sliding
Rounded, long
Guitar
Elieha, 16
Coyote
Sneaky, sleak
Howling, growling, running
Fur, teeth…shell, tail
Snapping, swimming, crawling
Lazy, unsociable
Turtle
Aaron, 12
Cold
Chilly, nippy
North Pole, ice…sun, fire
Glowing, sizzling, blazing
Feverish, red-hot
Heat
Austin 14
Eagle
Enormous, majestic
Soaring, swooping, grasping
Predator, strength…Helplessness, prey
Hopping, nibbling, twitching
Furry, frisky
Rabbit
Josiah 9
Mountain
Gigantic, rocky
Climbing, hiking, skiing
Avalanche, altitudes…Depth, waves
Surfing, crabbing, beach-combing
Salty, breezy
Ocean
Josiah 9
Animals
Wild, domesticated
Moving, mating, communicating
Zoo, pets…Photosynthesis, chlorophyl
Growing, blooming, withering
Native, exotic
Plants
Josiah 9
Love
cherish, desire
appealing, liking, gratifying
heart, God…..devil, death
loathing, revolting, disgusting
bad, black
Hate
Elizabeth, age 10
War
Terror, Hatred
Killing, Fighting, Conquering
Blood, Freedom…Freedom, Life
Caring, Saving, Helping
Brave, Love
Peace
Hannah, age 15
Tornado
Strong, stormy
Twisting, roaring, ripping
Wind, hail…bud, stem
Growing, blooming, dying
Colorful, showy
Rose
Elieha 16
God
Powerful, Majestic
Perfect, Holy, Wonderful
Love, Mercy . . . Hate, Anger
Evil, Terror, Sin
Terrible, Horrifying
Satan
Brianna, 16
Fair
Excitable, sensational
Walking, screaming, tiring
Zipper, Elephant Ears…Green, plant
Watering, growing, mowing
Uneventful, unfavorable
Grass
Emily, 15
Tool
Long, cool
Cutting, carving, shaving
Metal, Blade…Black, Leg
Flying, smashing,oozing
Ugly, dead
Bug
Aaron, 12
Americans
Free, joyous
Loving, blessing, volunteering
Entrepreneurs, leaders … hostages, prisoners
Working, suffering, slaving
Bound, gloomy
Captives
Madison, age 10
Ice
White, cold
Freezing, snowing, shivering
Popsicle, snowflake … Lava, sun
Burning, heating, sweating
Bright, red
Fire
Ashleigh, age 9
Sun
Brilliant, vivid
Simmering, heating, blazing,
Brightness, energy . . . Craters, planet
Glowing, glimmering, shining
Luminous, incandescent
Moon
Maria, age 17
Love
passionate, everlasting
thoughtful, forgiving, healing
humble, Jesus . . . Satan, arrogant
destroying, degrading, thoughtless
transient, passionate
Hate
Warren, age 14
Day
brilliance, warmth
shining, glowing, revealing
sunshine, birds… shadows, owls
darkening, shrouding, concealing
ebony, chill
Night
Heather, 15
Child
Young, frivolous
Running, shouting, playing
Park, school … House, job
Driving, rushing, working
Older, serious
Adult
Heather, 15
Sound
Bright, melodious
Rising, calling, filling
Chimes, resonance … Stillness, hush
Calming, comforting, stirring
Dark, quiet
Silence
Heather, 15
Oven
Hot, dry,
Searing, baking, blazing
Energy, heat . . . Ice, frost
Hardening, chilling, cooling
Frigid, wintry
Freezer
Maria, 17
Past
Gone, historic
Fading, teaching, recalling
Memories, heroes . . . Guesses, possibilities
Puzzling, eluding, mystifying
Anonymous, veiled
Future
Maria 17
Ocean
Vast, sapphire
Splashing, sparkling, rippling
Waves, breeze . . . Mirages, cacti
Scorching, swirling, parching
Waterless, gritty
Desert
Lillian 15
Cocoon
Brown, smooth
Dangling, waiting, swaying
Casing, metamorphosis . . . Wings, antennae
Gliding, flying, searching
Delicate, nocturnal
Moth
Lillian 15
Arctic
Blustery, desolate
Swirling, screaming, freezing
Caribou, igloos . . . Camels, tents
Burning, blinding, whistling
Barren, dry
Desert
Vincent 13
Dead
Depressing, sad
Crying, sleeping, dying
Graveyard, gravestone . . . Home, family
Skipping, running, jumping
Happy, joyful
Alive
Cody, age 12
Water
Ocean, sea
Fish, cold, blue
Clean, liquid . . . Hot, bright
Flaming, burning, destroying
Warm, dangerous
Fire
Cody, age 12
Dove
Harmless, pure
Enchanting, loving, calming
Sacrifice, peace … reptile, strategist
Cunning, daring, charming
Subtle, wise
Serpent
Leah, 13
Friend
Kind, considerate
Laughing, trusting, sharing
Ally, companion…Rival, opponent
Distrusting, opposing, disagreeing
Angry, uncaring
Enemy
Gabriella, 13
Sunrise
Pink, purple
Shining, shimmering, brightening
Dawn, light…Dusk,shadows
Changing, glowing, darkening
Red, orange
Sunset
Gabriella, 13
Winter
Cold, frosty
Snowing, sleeting, freezing
Scarves, sweaters … Sandals, shorts
Shining, scorching, burning
Sunny, bright
Summer
Gabriella, 13
Fire
Bright, brilliant
Glowing, shining, leaping
Sparks, embers … Snow, frost
Sparkling, freezing, gleaming
Cold, still
Ice
Madison, 10
Sun
Bright, brilliant
Shimmering, shining, warming
Fire, summer … Rocks, craters
Glowing, gleaming, glistening
Gray, quiet
Moon
Madison, 10
Water
Clear, blue
Rushing, gushing, gurgling
Bubbles, froth … Heat, inferno
Creeping, oozing, bubbling
Bright, molten
Lava
Madison, 10
Darkness
Gloomy, sinister
Chilling, frightening, overshadowing
Death, night … Jesus, life
Warming, comforting , shining
Glorious, bright
Light
Joey, Age 9 1/2
Forest
Green, shady
Leafing, cooling, towering
Thicket, lush . . . Dunes, thorns
Eroding, prickling, scorching
Brown, hot
Desert
Cam, age 17
Butterfly
Quiet, innocent
Blooming, floating, dreaming
Flowers, proboscis . . . Prey, venom
Buzzing, weaving, stinging
Loud, cruel
Hornet
Cam, age 17
Sound
Life, true
Hearing, vibrating, feeling
Resonance, tone . . . Motionless, calm
Tiring, boring, thinking
Deaf, false
Silence
Cam, 17
Flower
Delicate, exquisite
Swaying, bending, dazzling
Stem, petals . . . Point, pain
Jabbing, stabbing, throbbing
Vicious, vile
Thorn
Sarah 11
Love
Sweet, pure
Giving, hoping, warming
Wonder, mercy … Anger, fear
Taking, fighting, destroying
Evil, bitter
Hate
Kristen, age 11
Peace
Contented, unruffled
Resting, quieting, calming
Friendship, relief…uproar, hubbub
Fighting, confusing, tormenting
Bleak, stormy
Turmoil
Amy, age 8
Fire
Red, hot
Glowing, smoking, blazing
Heat, flame…frost, chill
Freezing, biting, piercing
Bitter, cold
Ice
Abdullah, age 14
Thunder
Deep, loud
Deafening, echoing, booming
Peal, clap…Streak, flash
Gleaming, flickering, flaring
Brilliant, radiant
Lightning
Abdullah, age 14
Land
Green, lush
Welcoming, giving, thriving
Grass, trees . . . Water, boats
Storming, crashing, threatening
Deep, vast
Sea
Kaela, age 11
Wetness
Warm, cold
Splashing, soaking, washing
Puddles, pools . . . deserts, towel
Cracking, crumbling, draining
Cozy, safe
Dryness
Kaela, age 11
Pencil
Sharp, wooden
Sharpening, writing, drawing
Graphite, utensil . . . PaperMate, Pink Pearl
Rubbing, eliminating, extinguishing
Dirty, oval
Eraser
Mason, age 11
Cat
Cute, cuddly
Purring, scratching, climbing
Siamese, tiger . . . wolf, Jack Russell
Barking, chasing, playing
Spotted, speckled
Dog
Hannah, age 11
Sun
Bright, light
Shining, blinding, brightening
Star, heat . . . Crescent, satellite
Changing, traveling, loving
Beautiful, white
Moon
Priscilla, age 11
[…] For contest rules, prizes, and directions for writing a diamante, go to Writing a Diamante Poem. […]
War
Unfriendly, dark
Fighting, battling, striving
Sword, guns . . . Harmony, dove
Healing, uniting, reconciling
Graceful, heavenly
Peace
Tommy, age 10
Creation
Meaningful,perfect
Obeying,thriving,multiplying
Life,color…Mistakes,chance
Changing,shifting,forming
Random,purposeless
Evolution
Madison,11
Lucifer,
dark, handsome,
deceiving, alluring, haunting,
earth, blood…earth, blood,
Sheltering, Calling, Loving,
Loud, Quiet.
Christ
Bailey, age 17
God
magnificient, extraordinary
judging, loving, fair
lion, eagle…demon, monster
decieved, hated, ruined
mad, wild
Satan
Ashley, age 12
Tree
Majestic, gigantic
Towering, rustling, bending
Leaves, bark…Petals, seeds
Budding, blooming, unfolding
Delicate, fragrant
Flower
Hannah, age 13
Plant
Leafy, green
Changing, growing, swaying
Seeds, roots…Legs, movement
Breathing, living, sleeping
Gentle, colorful
Animal
Cory, age 8
Sun
Massive, powerful
Glowing, sparkling, burning
Star, gases…Craters, rocks
Turning, spinning, reflecting
Small, gray
Moon
Cory, age 8
Rain
Damp, dreary
Pouring, dripping, splashing
Liquid, puddles…Fluffs, mounds
Drifting, floating, sparkling
Pure, clean
Snow
Hannah, age 13
Elephant
Heavy, strong
Lumbering, trumpeting, spraying
Trunk, tusks…Whiskers, cheese
Scurrying, trembling, gnawing
Tiny, timid
Mouse
Hannah, age 13
Fly
Flying, zooming
Annoying, buzzing, germ-spreading
Abdomen, wing…Legs, webs
Fast-moving, bug-catching, web-spinning
Gross, skillful
Spider
Cory, age 8
Fruit
Juicy, delicious
Dripping, refreshing, nourishing
Strawberries, raspberries . . . Broccoli, cucumbers
Killing, harming, crying
Colorful, rooted
Veggies
Jessica, age 11
Winter
Cold, white
Shivering, starving, freezing
Snow, ice…Bugs, fruit
Playing, drinking, eating
Sweet, hot
Summer
Hannah, age 10
Streams
Quiet, peaceful
Glowing, loving, caring
Water, fish…force, stampede
Daring, roaring, rushing
Bold, awesome
Waterfalls
Chauncea, age 8
Saul
Lost, mislead
Lurking, tricking, hurting
Sin, Oldness … Christian, newness
Serving, Helping, Saving
Honest, good
Paul
Leah
Age 13
Acorn
Small, simple
Dying, sprouting, growing
Seed, nut … timber, tree
Living, towering, shading
Large, magnificent
Oak
Leah
Age 13
Friend
Kind, merciful
Caring, loving, giving
Companion, confidant…rival, foe
Threatening, harming, hating
Rude, cruel
Enemy
Jordyn, age 12
Transparent
Translucent, luminous
Glimmering, shining, dazzling
Air, water . . . Earth, wood
Darkening, concealing, blocking
Solid, sturdy
Opaque
Levi, age 10
Good
Kind, gentle
Shining, protecting, glowing
Love, peace . . . Anarchy, hatred
Killing, burning, hungering
Dark, fearful
Evil
Elijah, age 13
Life
Warm, harmonious
Breathing, throbbing, growing
Radiance, good . . . Immobile, dark
Whispering, thirsting, mourning
Discordant, cold
Death
Elijah, age 13
Celebration
Extravagant, flamboyant
Singing, dancing, laughing
Friends, family…friends, family
Crying, mourning, weeping
Distressed, emotional
Funeral
Jordyn, age 12
Summer
Green, warm
Growing, laughing, leaping
Joy, light . . . Dark, sadness
Dying, slowing, aging
Gray, cold
Winter
Elijah, age 13
Eagle
Proud, bold
Flying, gliding, soaring
Fowl, wings…worker, survivor
Buzzing, hovering, fluttering
Whimsical, feeble
Hummingbird
Jordyn T. age 12
Fire
Red, hot
Scorching, burning, boiling
Ember, flame . . . Frost, glacier
Freezing, crackling, chilling
Blue, cold
Ice
Levi, age 10
Mother
Tender, patient
Guiding, mending, shielding
Organizer, teacher…provider, mentor
Encouraging, adoring, inspiring
Spontaneous, enthusiastic
Father
Rachel T., age 14
Orphan
Solemn, helpless
Cutting, vexing, depressing
Prisoner, outcast…home, laughter
Loving, securing, caring
Tender, warm
Family
Rachel T. 14
Addiction
Oppression, defeat
Consuming, confining, afflicting
Lock, chains…keys, wings
Soaring, dreaming, living
Peaceful, victorious
Freedom
Rachel T. age 14
Winter
Frigid, stormy
Shivering, blowing, skiing
Ice, wind…Heat, humidity
Sweating, drinking, swimming
Dry, hot
Summer
Emily I. age 12
Heaven
Perfect, unbelievable
Rejoicing, everlasting, praising
Paradise, nirvana…Purgatory, heat
Suffering, wailing, mourning
Fiery, dreadful
Hell
Emily I. age 12
peace
truth, light
purifying, radiating, forthcoming
happiness, freedom . . . destruction, evil
hating, shooting, rampaging
death, sadness
war
Gabe D. age 12
Beautiful,
different, special,
stunning, amazing, astonishing
flower, sun…rain, weed,
hurting, hating, screaming,
different, obnoxious,
Ugly.
Bailey age 17
Angels,
strong, bright,
fighting, flying, winning,
sun, light…darkness, death,
deceiving, killing, hating,
sick, evil,
Demons.
Bailey age 17
Man
Strong, brave
Working, providing, protecting
Dad, leader…Homemaker, mom
Helping, caring, comforting
Graceful, feminine
Woman
Alyssa 15
Adoption
Compassionate, joyful
Loving, saving, welcoming
Family, life…Death, cruelty
Murdering, destroying, ruining
Selfish, sinful
Abortion
Alyssa 15
Child
Small, innocent
Playing, learning, asking
Student, playmate…Parent, teacher
Working, helping, guiding
Experienced, mature
Adult
Alyssa 15
Chickens
Feathery, colorful
Perching, clucking, flying
Beak, prey…Fangs, predator
Running, jumping, eating
Furry, red
Fox
Brachiosaurus
Quadruped, herbivore
Grazing, munching, chewing
Longneck, cow … Hunter, wolf
Prowling, stalking, ripping
Carnivore, biped
Velociraptor
Moon
White, Gentle
Reflecting, Rotating, Orbiting
Glow, Rocky, Candles, Light
Blasting, Heating,Flaming
Yellow, Hot
Sun
night
dark, cloudy
chirping, hunting, hooting
stars, crickets … ducks, sky
splashing, swimming, singing
sunny, warm
day
by Lucy D, 8
dark
murky, gloomy,
lurking, depressing, haunting,
mischievousness, evil…divine, heavenliness
brightening, illuminating, glowing
cheerful, untroubled
light
by Courtney, 15
Robot
Humanoid, neat
Moving, kicking, sensing
Motherboard, wires…blocks, wheels
Building, breaking, collecting
Colorful, fun
Legos
Sneakers
Warm, tough
Running, walking, playing
Laces, holes . . . Elastic, ribbon
Jumping, turning, pointing
Flexible, cottony
Ballet shoes
by Rose, 13
Fire
Hot, beautiful
Blazing, shining, warming
Light, heat . . . freeze, cold
Chilling, melting, vanishing
Clear, white
Ice
Abbie age 12
God
Brilliant, bright
Giving, loving, caring
Heaven, Father . . . Hell, demon
Taking, lying, hating
Smart, dark
Satan
by: Alexandria, 10
Dog
Loyal, cute
Playing, barking, begging
Fur, paws . . . hair, claws
Climbing, purring, sleeping
Sneaky, friend
Cat
By: Avery, 8
Salt
Tasty, white
Pinching, cooking, eating
Yummy, mineral . . . Spicy, plant
Grinding, shaking, sneezing
Hot, black
Pepper
Rock
Hard, heavy
Sinking, crushing, tripping
Mineral, boulder…bluejay, robin
Floating, tickling, flying
Colorful, light
Feather
Caleb, 9
Winter
Cold, snowy
Freezing, skiing, sledding
Blizzard, Christmas…baseball, popsicles
Sweating, swimming, burning
Hot, sunny
Summer
Caleb, 9
Jesus
Mighty, powerful
Loving, caring, ruling
Lampost, pathway…night, shadow
Whispering, deceiving, lying
Evil, selfish
Satan
Aslan
Dignified, majestic
Caring, protecting, advising
Sunlight, walkway…night, pits
Enchanting, powerless, intimidating
Proud, feared
Jadis
Hannah, age 14
Love
Powerful, warm
Inviting, adoring, embracing
Soft, gentle…Hard, rough
Angering, despising, blackening
Cold, blackness
Hate
Hannah, age 14
Gandalf
White, tall
Saving, caring, loving
Fast, smart…Slow, evil
Killing, destroying, haunting
Black, tall
Sauron
God
Powerful, wonderful
Forgiving, loving, caring
Beautiful, bright…Dark, scary
Sneaking, stealing, destroying
Mean, horrible
Satan
Spring
Warm, sunny
Blooming, warming, living
Beautiful, bright…Colorful, nice
Changing, falling, cooling
Wonderful, crisp
Fall
Fire
Warm, smoky
Crackling, popping, burning
Flame, heat…Sparkle, snow
Cooling, stinging, freezing
Cold, harsh
Ice
Ethan, age 14
Fire
Hot, bright
Burning, dancing, sweating
Flame, spark . . . Frost, cube
Freezing, snowing, shivering
Cold, blue
Ice
John, age 15
Winter
Quiet, frigid
Blackening, icing, snowing
Flurries, chill . . . Sun, sky
Shining, brightening, cheering
Warm, shiny
Summer
Maria, age 12
Sun
Radiant, brilliant
Brightening, cheering, gleaming
Shine, glow . . . Storm, shower
Drizzling, sprinkling, pouring
Wet, cold
Rain
Maria, age 12
Fall
Cool, nippy
Chilling, blowing, darkening
Leaves, wind . . . Flowers, life
Blooming, blossoming, budding
Warm, bright
Spring
Maria, age 12
Land
Dry, solid
Molding, growing, nourishing
Desert, island…Stream, lake
Drinking, flowing, bubbling
Moist, wet
Water
Sarah, age 11
Pain
Intense, terrible
Suffering, torturing, piercing
Ache, twitch…Ease, comfort
Pleasing, captivating, loving
Joyful, peaceful
Pleasure
Cocoon
Dark, hard
Working, wiggling, pushing
Cage, break…free, fun
Flying, flapping, fluttering
Sunny, wonderful
Butterfly
[…] to our winners in WriteShop’s diamante poetry contest. With approximately 70 students submitting a total of 116 entries, it was really hard to select […]